1. As a typical consumer, when you can't reach Yahoo, you don't blame Yahoo. You don't even consider Yahoo as the culprit, because people are used to the situation that web sites are not reachable from time to time. Network outages and routing problems that cause whole countries to disappear from the Internet are a frequent sight on the net. 2. When web sites get hacked, the hackers almost always leave an anonymous message claiming the "victory". In this case there was no message. Yet it was not one or two but six sites that were hacked. This rules out juvenile hackers, or "script kiddies", because those try to get fame with their hacks. 3. A friend once angered someone on IRC (a worldwide chat network) and was subsequently hit by a flooding attack that lasted three days (not hours!). This is a typical duration for бомба по электронной почте a flooding attack on the Internet.

By studying design activities as longitudinal and situated within broader infrastructures, this dissertation describes how changing situations and a variety of influences affect possibilities for articulating values through material engagement and collaborative structures. As a result, this dissertation contributes to knowledge about studying platforms, infrastructures, and distributed collaboration. This section describes the context of this study. I begin by reviewing historical narratives about building for the Web, focusing on the transition from an apparently independent Web in the 1990s to the domination of platforms in the 2010s. This account is bounded by attention to how the structure of the Web shaped activities involved in individuals’ online experience; this means I do not discuss larger scale sites such as the businesses that fuelled the dot-com bubble, except to discuss how they shaped possibilities for individuals to use the Web. This scope highlights relevant factors for understanding the IndieWeb, since it is oriented primarily around individuals’ websites. An additional consideration while reading this account is that I concentrate on dominant narratives and overlook debates and perspectives from margins.

On the other hand, phishing is a more conniving visitor. Phishing emails are crafted to trick recipients into revealing sensitive information. They may be finely tailored to mimic trusted entities, leveraging urgent calls to action to lure the unsuspecting. While spam is primarily a nuisance, the consequences of falling for a phishing scam are more severe, ranging from identity theft to significant financial repercussions or even large-scale data breaches. While spam and phishing are unsolicited emails that can pose threats, phishing is more targeted and often poses a greater threat, requiring heightened awareness and caution. Recognizing spam can be crucial in avoiding potential threats. Unsolicited Attachments: Unexpected files or links from unknown senders. Misspellings and Poor Grammar: Errors in language, odd phrasing, or inconsistent formatting. Too Good to Be True: Offers that promise high rewards for little to no effort or investment. Urgent Action Required: Messages that pressure you with a sense of urgency, e.g., "Act Now!

If you click on that link, then malware comes to your device or sometimes there is a risk of the device being hacked. Many times unwanted content is shared on the forum website, social media site or in your own blog comments by creating a fake account. This content can be insults, threats or advertisements. This kind of content is sometimes shared for its own benefit and sometimes to drop the value of your post. You can see this kind of spam in the comment box of the post of a big social media influencer or someone who has more followers. Where many spammers keep putting unlimited comments about selling their products. Fraudulent reviews are also a part of spam. This type of spam is seen in the comment box of blog posts or on social media. Not only this but many times people also create a fake account on the eCommerce website and give fraudulent reviews by spamming to drop or increase product reviews.